Chapter 1. Holzkamm and Leo G. Rich states that the post had existed since , and was "transformed into a strong fort" in Rich, Hudson's Bay Company, , vol. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, , p. Burpee Toronto: The Champlain Society, Also see Rhoda R. Buckley St. Harold A. Innis notes, "Contact with the Northwest country inland from Grand Portage appears to have continued with little interruption throughout the war period.
Statements with considerable authority claim that French and English traders went to Rainy Lake in and remained until Doughty Ottawa: F. Ackland, , p. Note that French and British traders working in the Upper Mississippi Valley at this time tended to return east or south each summer to exchange their furs for new supplies.
See Rhoda R. Stewart Wallace, ed. Innis cited in Wallace. It is possible that the post was already eight or nine years old in Young provides an excellent discussion of the number of days required on each leg of this complicated relay system. For a checklist of these contemporary accounts, see W. Morgan et al. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, , pp. Lavender also cites the American predisposition against monopoly as a factor in the different organization of the fur trade south of the international border.
On the survey of the international boundary, see also William E. Paul, Trennert, "William Medill ," in Robert M. Kvasnicka and Herman J. Viola, eds. Norton and Company, , pp. Chapter 2. Henry Youle Hind reported in the late s that some to Indians attended the grand medicine ceremony some years, while the number of Indians trading at the fort could reach Typescript from a handwritten translation by Elsbeth Glocker in Tom Thiessen's possession. For a focus on liquor in trade ritual, see Bruce M.
Arthur S. Richard H. New York: n. Appleton, , p. New York: Redfield, , pp. London: Chapman and Hall, , p. London: Henry Colburn, , p. For example, Bigsby wrote of Rainy Lake: "The [northeast] horn is remarkable for the pure, smooth, porcelain whiteness of its granite hills, which are often very high, and gleam through their scanty clothing of pine in a beautiful and singular manner, while the dark forests of cypress at their feet greatly heighten the general effect At a place where a lofty cascade falls into the lake with a loud roar, this kind of scenery is quite melodramatic.
