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Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Psychedelics are recognised for their potential to re-orient beliefs.
We propose a model of how psychedelics can, in some cases, lead to false insights and thus false beliefs. We first review experimental work on laboratory-based false insights and false memories. We then connect this to insights and belief formation under psychedelics using the active inference framework. We propose that subjective and brain-based alterations caused by psychedelics increases the quantity and subjective intensity of insights and thence beliefs, including false ones.
We offer directions for future research in minimising the risk of false and potentially harmful beliefs arising from psychedelics. Ultimately, knowing how psychedelics may facilitate false insights and beliefs is crucial if we are to optimally leverage their therapeutic potential. When an idea or problem solution appears, it can produce a distinct and powerful phenomenologyβa feeling of profound understanding and truth known as an insight moment 1 , 2 , 3.
This largely ineffable experience appears to play a pivotal role in the development and adjustment of beliefs and although often associated with verifiably correct discoveries and adaptive personal growth 4 , 5 , insight phenomenology can be triggered by unrelated or misleading information 6 , 7 and for objectively incorrect problem solutions 8.
Insight moments are also a defining feature of psychedelic experiences 9 , 10 , and could underlie the profound belief changes seen during and after psychedelic drug use 11 , Thus, psychedelics are increasingly recognised for their potential to restructure maladaptive beliefs underlying mental illness 13 , 14 , However, given the fallibility of insight moments, how can we ensure that psychedelic insights align with desired outcomes, or simply with reality itself?